Scaraboid

excavator comun	Shaggy Hrușciki
scarabeul sacru	rădaşcă

clasificare stiintifica

Domeniu:eucarioteRegatul:AnimaleSub-regn:EumetazoiFără rang:Bilateral simetricFără rang:protostomeFără rang:NaparlireaFără rang:PanarthropodaTip de:artropodeSubtip:Respirația trahealăSuperclasa:şase picioareClasă:InsecteSubclasă:insecte înaripateInfraclasa:NewwingsComoară:Insecte cu metamorfoză completăSupercomanda:ColeopteridaEchipă:ColeoptereSubordine:gândaci polifagiInfrasquad:Scarabaeiformia Crowson, 1960Superfamilie:Scaraboid

Denumire științifică internațională

Scarabaeoidea Latreille , 1802

Familii :

Sistematică
la Wikispecies

Imagini
la Wikimedia Commons

ESTE	114486
NCBI	75546
EOL	369
FW	69300

Scaraboides ( lat. Scarabaeoidea ) este singura superfamilie de gândaci din infraordinul Scarabaeiformia Crowson , 1960 . Superfamilia conține peste 35.000 de specii, la care se adaugă încă aproximativ 200 de specii anual. [1] Fosilă cunoscută din Jurasicul târziu [2] .

Sistematică

Deoarece familiile și subfamiliile de Scarabidae sunt în mod activ disputate, clasificarea familiilor în diferite țări poate fi diferită. În acest sens, listele de familii și subfamilii se schimbă adesea.

Următoarele familii ale superfamiliei Scarabaeoidea se găsesc pe teritoriul Rusiei: [3]

Cerbi ( Lucanidae ) (18 specii)
Scorgorii ( Trogidae ) (8 specii)
Viermi de nisip ( Glaresidae ) (2 specii)
Gândacii de bălegar ( Geotrupidae ) (20 de specii)
Ochodeidae ( Ochodaeidae ) (5 specii)
Hybosoridae ( Hybosoridae ) (1 specie)
Gândaci ( Glaphyridae ) (5 specii)
Lamelare ( Scarabaeidae ) (435 specii)

Numărul de reprezentanți ai familiilor care locuiesc în Rusia este indicat între paranteze.

Taxonomie americană

Conform clasificării americane: [4] [5]

Superfamilie: Scaraboides ( Scarabaeoidea Latreille , 1802 )

Familia: Pleocomidae Leconte , 1861
- Subfamilia: Pleocominae Leconte, 1861
Familie: Gândacii de bălegar ( Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802 )
- Subfamilia: Taurocerastinae Germain , 1897
- Subfamilia: Bolboceratinae Mulsant , 1842
  - Trib: Bolboceratini Mulsant , 1842
  - Trib: Athyreini Howden & Martinez , 1963
  - Trib: Bolbochromini Nikolajev , 1970
  - Trib: Gilletinini Nikolajev, 1990
  - Trib: Eubolbitini Nikolajev, 1970
  - Trib: Bolbelasmini Nikolajev, 1996
  - Trib: Australobolbini Nikolajev, 1996
  - Trib: Eucanthini Nikolajev, 2002
  - Trib: StenaspidiiniNikolajev, 2003
- Subfamilia: Geotrupinae Latreille, 1802
  - Trib: Geotrupini Latreille, 1802
  - Trib: Lethrini Mulsant & Rey , 1871
  - Trib: Chromogeotrupini Zunino , 1984
  - Trib: Ceratotrupini Zunino, 1984
Familia: Belohinidae Paulian , 1959
Familia: Gândacii de zahăr ( Passalidae Leach , 1815 )
- Subfamilia: Aulacocyclinae Kaup , 1868
  - Trib: Aulacocyclini Kaup, 1868
  - Trib: Ceracupini Boucher , 2005
- Subfamilia: Passalinae Leach, 1815
  - Trib: Proculini Kaup, 1868

= Pseudacanthini Kaup, 1871 = Oileini Kuwert, 1891 = Sertoriini Kuwert, 1891 = Unduliferini Kuwert, 1891 = Veturiini Kuwert, 1891 = Popiliini Kuwert, 1896 = Proculejini Kuwert, 1896 = Vinuriinae Kuwert, 1896 = Kuwert, 1896 = 1896

- - Trib: Passalini Leach, 1815

= Neleini Kaup, 1869 = Pertinacini Kaup, 1871 = Phoroneini Kaup, 1871 = Mitrorhini Kuwert, 1891 = Paxillini Kuwert, 1891 = Petrejini Kuwert, 1891 = Neleidini Kuwert, 1896 = Neleidini Kuwert, 1896 = Rhopinio Kuwert, 1896 = Pticho998 =

- - Trib: Solenocyclini Kaup, 1871

= Eriocnemini Kaup, 1871 = Stephanocephalini Kaup, 1871 = Ciceroniini Kuwert, 1891 = Erionomini Kuwert, 1891 = Flaminiini Kuwert, 1891 = Semicyclini Kuwert, 1891 = Gnaphalocnemini Gravely, 1891

- - Trib: Leptaulacini Kaup, 1871
  - Trib: Macrolinini Kaup, 1871

= Aceraiini Kaup, 1871 = Gonatini Kuwert, 1891 = Mastachilini Kuwert, 1891 = Pharochilini Kuwert, 1891 = Tarquiniini Kuwert, 1891 = Vellejini Kuwert, 1891 = Aureliini Kuwert, 1891 = Aureliini Kuwert, 1896 = Aureliini Kuwert, 1896 = Aureliini Kuwert, Lachine = 1896 Au1896 , 1917

Familie: Scavengers ( Trogidae Macleay , 1819 )
- Subfamilia: Troginae Macleay, 1819
- Subfamilia: Omorginae Nikolajev, 2005
Familie: viermi de nisip ( Glaresidae Kolbe , 1905 )
Familia: Diphyllostomatidae Holloway , 1972
Familie: Cerbi ( Lucanidae Latreille, 1804 )
- Subfamilia: Aesalinae Macleay, 1819
  - Trib: Aesalini Macleay, 1819
  - Trib: Ceratognathini Sharp, 1899
  - Trib: Nicagini Leconte, 1861
- Subfamilia: Syndesinae Macleay, 1819

= Sinodendrinae Mulsant, 1842 = Ceruchinae Jacquelin Du Val & Fairmaire, 1859

- Subfamilia: Lampriminae Macleay, 1819
  - Trib: Lamprimini Macleay, 1819
  - Trib: Streptocerini Kikuta , 1986
- Subfamilia: Lucaninae Latreille, 1804

= Platycerinae Mulsant, 1842 = Chiasognathinae Burmeister, 1847 = Figulinae Burmeister, 1847 = Dorcinae Parry, 1864 = Cladognathinae Parry, 1870 = Odontolabinae Parry, 1870 = Rhaetulinae Burmeister, 1870 = Rhaetulinae Miwaro5, Desdendezi193 = Rhaetulinae Miwaro5, Dendezine193 = = Lissotinae Benesh, 1955 = Sclerostominae Benesh, 1955 = Scortizinae Benesh, 1955 = Pholidotinae Kikuta, 1986 = Brasilucaninae Nikolajev, 1999

Familia: Ochodaeidae ( Ochodaeidae Mulsant & Rey , 1871 )
- Subfamilia: Ochodaeinae Mulsant & Rey, 1871
  - Trib: Ochodaeini Mulsant & Rey, 1871
  - Trib: Enodognathini Scholtz , 1988
- Subfamilia: Chaetocanthinae Scholtz, 1988
  - Trib: Chaetocanthini Scholtz, 1988
  - Trib: Pseudochodaeini Scholtz, 1988
  - Trib: Synochodaeini Scholtz, 1988
Familia: Hybosoridae ( Hybosoridae Erichson, 1847 )
- Subfamilia: Anaidinae Nikolajev, 199 6

= Cryptogeniinae Howden, 2001

- Subfamilia: Ceratocanthinae Martinez , 1968
  - Trib: Ceratocanthini Martinez, 1968

= Acanthocerini Lacordaire, 1856

- - Trib: Scarabatermitini Nikolajev, 1999
  - Trib: Ivieolini Howden & Gill , 2000
- Subfamilia: Hybosorinae Erichson, 1847
- Subfamilia: Liparochrinae Ocampo , 2006
- Subfamilia: Pachyplectrinae Ocampo, 2006
Familie: Gândaci ( Glaphyridae Macleay, 1819 )
- Subfamilia: Glaphyrinae Macleay, 1819
Familie: Mustați ( Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802 )
- Subfamilia: Chironinae Blanchard, 1845
- Subfamilie: viermi de nisip ( Aegialiinae Laporte, 1840 )

= Silluviinae Landin, 1949

- Subfamilia: Eremazinae Iablokoff-Khnzorian , 1977
  - † Yixianscarabaeus
- Subfamilie: Aphodiins ( Aphodiinae Leach, 1815 )
  - Trib: Aphodiini Leach, 1815
  - Subtrib : Aphodiina Leach, 1815
  - Subtrib : Didactyliina Pittino, 1985
  - Subtrib : Proctophanina Stebnicka & Howden , 1995
  - Trib: Corythoderini Schmidt, 1910
  - Trib: Eupariini Schmidt, 1910

= Ataeniini Harold, 1868 = Lomanoxiini Stebnicka, 1999

- - Trib: Odontolochini Stebnicka & Howden, 1996
  - Trib: Odochilini Rakovic , 1987
  - Trib: Psammodiini Mulsant , 1842
  - Subtrib : Psammodiina Mulsant , 1842

=Psammobiina Schmidt, 1910

- - Subtrib : Rhyssemina Pittino & Mariani , 1986
  - Trib: Rhyparini Schmidt, 1910
  - Trib: Stereomerini Howden & Storey , 1992
  - Trib: Termitoderini Tangelder & Krikken , 1982
  - Trib: Thinorycterini Semenov & Reichardt
  - Trib: Phycochini Landin , 1960
- Subfamilia: Aulonocneminae Janssens , 1946
- Subfamilia: Termitotroginae Wasmann , 1918

- Subfamilia: Scarabei ( Scarabaeinae Latreille, 1802 )
  - Trib: Eucraniini Burmeister, 1873

= Ennearabdini Pereira & Martinez, 1956

- - Trib: Gymnopleurini Lacordaire, 1856
  - Trib: Eurysternini Vulcano , Martinez și Pereira , 1961
  - Trib: Canthonini Van Lansberge , 1874

= Deltochilini Lacordaire, 1856 = Epilissini Van Lansberge, 1874 = Panelini Arrow, 1931

- - Trib: Coprini Leach, 1815

= Coptodactylini Janssens, 1946

- - Trib: Ateuchini Laporte, 1840

= Scatonomini Lacordaire, 1856 = Choeridiini Harold, 1867 = Pinotini Kolbe, 1905

- - Trib: Oniticellini Kolbe, 1905
  - Subtrib : Drepanocerina Van Lansberge, 1875
  - Subtrib : Oniticellina Kolbe, 1905
  - Subtrib : Helictopleurina Janssens, 1946
  - Trib: Onitini Laporte, 1840
  - Trib: Onthophagini Burmeister, 1846

= Alloscelini Janssens, 1946

- - Trib: Scarabaeini Latreille, 1802

= Pachysomatini Ferreira, 1953 = Actinophorini Adam, 2003

- - Trib: Phanaeini Kolbe, 1905
  - Trib: Sisyphini Mulsant , 1842
- Subfamilie: Dynamopodinae ( Dynamopodinae Arrow, 1911 )
- Subfamilia: Phaenomeridinae Erichson, 1847
- Subfamilia: Orphninae Erichson, 1847
  - Trib: Orphnini Erichson, 1847
  - Trib: Aegidiini Paulian, 1984
- Subfamilia: Allidiostomatinae Arrow, 1940

= Idiostomatinae Arrow, 1904

- Subfamilia: Aclopinae Blanchard, 1850
  - Trib: Aclopini Blanchard, 1850
  - Trib: Phaenognathini Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1977
- Subfamilie: Gândaci ( Melolonthinae Leach, 1819 )
  - Trib: Pachypodini Erichson, 1840
  - Trib: Lichniini Burmeister, 1844
  - Trib: Euchirini Hope, 1840
  - Trib: Systellopini Sharp, 1877
  - Trib: Chasmatopterini Lacordaire, 1856
  - Trib: Oncerini Leconte, 1861
  - Trib: Podolasiini Howden, 1997

= Lasiopodini Leconte, 1856

- - Trib: Alaberini Blanchard, 1850

= Cmentini Machatschke, 1959

- - Trib: Sericini Kirby, 1837
  - Subtrib : Phyllotocina Burmeister, 1855
  - Subtrib : Sericina Kirby, 1837

=Homalopliina Burmeister, 1855 =Astaenina Burmeister, 1855

- - Subtrib : Trochalina Brenske, 1898
  - Trib: Phyllotocidiini Britton, 1957
  - Trib: Diphucephalini Laporte, 1840
  - Trib: Comophorinini Britton, 1957
  - Trib: Stethaspini Burmeister, 1855

= Xylonichini Britton, 1957

- - Trib: Automoliini Britton, 1978

= Caulobiini Burmeister, 1855 = Automolini Britton, 1957

- - Trib: Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855
  - Trib: Liparetrini Burmeister, 1855

= Haplonychini Burmeister, 1855 = Allarini Britton, 1955 = Colpochilini Britton, 1957

- - Trib: Scitalini Britton, 1957
  - Trib: Pachytrichini Burmeister, 1855
  - Trib: Sericoidini Erichson, 1847
  - Trib: Heteronychini Lacordaire, 1856
  - Trib: Diplotaxini Kirby, 1837

= Apogoniini Blanchard, 1851 = Liogenini Blanchard, 1851

- - Trib: Melolonthini Leach, 1819
    - Subtrib : Schizonychina Burmeister, 1855
    - Subtrib : Enariina Dewailly , 1950
    - Subtrib : Heptophyllina Medvedev , 1951
    - Subtrib : Pegylina lacroix , 1989
    - Subtrib : Rhizotrogina Burmeister, 1855
    - Subtrib: Leucopholina Burmeister, 1855
    - Subtrib: Melolonthina Leach, 1819

=Polyphyllina Burmeister, 1855 =Tostegopterina Leconte, 1861 =Psilonychini Peringuey, 1904

- - Trib: Pachydemini Burmeister, 1855

= Elaphocerini Blanchard, 1851 = Achloini Burmeister, 1855 = Cephalotrichiini Burmeister, 1855 = Leptopodini Burmeister, 1855 = Macrophyllini Burmeister, 1855 = Sparrmanniini Peringuey, 1904

- - Trib: Macrodactylini Kirby, 1837

= Ceraspini Burmeister, 1855 = Dichelonychini Burmeister, 1855 = Dicraniini Burmeister, 1855 = Isonychini Burmeister, 1855 = Microcraniini Burmeister, 1855 = Plectrini Burmeister, 1855 = Clavipalpini Lacordaire, 1856

- - Trib: Diphycerini Medvedev, 1952
  - Trib: Hopliini Latreille, 1829
    - Subtrib : Pachycnemina Laporte, 1840

= Anisonychina Burmeister, 1844

- - - Subtrib : Hopliina Latreille, 1829

=Gymnolomina Burmeister, 1844 =Heterochelina Burmeister, 1844 =Lepisiina Burmeister, 1844 =Scelophysina Peringuey, 1902

- - Trib: Colymbomorphini Blanchard, 1850
  - Trib: Tanyproctini Erichson, 1847
- Subfamilie: gândaci de pâine și gândaci ( Rutelinae Macleay, 1819 )
  - Trib: Rutelini Macleay, 1819
    - Subtrib : Areodina Burmeister, 1844
    - Subtrib : Heterosternina Bates, 1888

=Macropnina Horn, 1866

- - - Subtrib : Didrepanephorina Ohaus, 1918
    - Subtrib : Lasiocalina Ohaus, 1918
    - Subtrib: Parastasiina Burmeister, 1844
    - Subtrib : Oryctomorphina Burmeister, 1847
    - Subtrib : Desmonychina Arrow, 1917
    - Subtrib : Rutelina Macleay, 1819

=Chasmodiina Burmeister, 1844 =Chrysophorina Burmeister, 1844 =Macraspidina Burmeister, 1844 =Pelidnotina Burmeister, 1844 =Anticheirina Lacordaire, 1856 =Plusiotina Bates, 1888 =Fruhstorferiina Ohaus, 1844

- - Trib: Anatistini Imhoff, 1856

= Spodochlamyini Ohaus, 1918

- - Trib: Anoplognathini Macleay, 1819
    - Subtrib : Anoplognathina Macleay, 1819
    - Subtrib : Schizognathina Ohaus, 1918
    - Subtrib : Phalangogoniina Ohaus, 1918
    - Subtrib : Platycoeliina Burmeister, 1844
    - Subtrib: Brachysternina Burmeister, 1844
  - Trib: Geniatini Burmeister, 1844

= Leucothyreini Burmeister, 1844

- - Trib: Alvarengiini Frey , 1975
  - Trib: Anomalini Streubel, 1839
    - Subtrib : Anomalina Streubel, 1839

=Euchlorina Hope, 1839 =Dilophochilina Ohaus, 1918

- - - Subtrib : Popilliina Ohaus , 1918
    - Subtrib : Isopliina Peringuey , 1902
    - Subtrib: Anisopliina Burmeister, 1844
    - Subtrib : Leptohopliina Potts , 1974
  - Trib: Adoretini Burmeister, 1844
    - Subtrib : Adorrhinyptiina Arrow, 1917
    - Subtrib : Adoretina Burmeister, 1844

=Adorodociina Ohaus, 1912 =Adoroleptina Ohaus, 1912 =Pseudadoretina Ohaus, 1912 =Scaphorhinadoretina Ohaus, 1912

- - - Subtrib : Pachyrhinadoretina Ohaus, 1912
    - Subtrib : Trigonostomina Ohaus, 1912
    - Subtrib : Prodoretina Ohaus, 1912
- Subfamilie: Holly -trees ( Dynastinae Macleay, 1819 )
  - Trib: Hexodontini Lacordaire, 1856
  - Trib: Cyclocephalini Laporte, 1840

= Chalepini Burmeister, 1847 = Peltonotini Arrow, 1917 = Acrobolbiini Ohaus, 1918

- - Trib: Dynastini Macleay, 1819

= Xylotrupini Hope, 1845 = Megasomatidae Imhoff, 1856

- - Trib: Oryctini Mulsant , 1842

= Megacerini Burmeister, 1847 = Strategini Burmeister, 1847

- - Trib: Oryctoderini Endroedi, 1966
  - Trib: Pentodontini Mulsant , 1842
    - Subtrib : Pentodontina Mulsant , 1842

=Bothynina Burmeister, 1847 =Pimelopodina Burmeister, 1847 =Podalgina Burmeister, 1847 =Metanastina Carne, 1957

- - - Subtrib : Cheiroplatina Carne, 1957
    - Subtrib : Dipelicina Carne, 1957
    - Subtrib : Pseudoryctina Carne, 1957
  - Trib: Agaocephalini Burmeister, 1847
  - Trib: Phileurini Burmeister, 1847
    - Subtrib : Phileurina Burmeister, 1847
    - Subtrib : Cryptodina Burmeister & Schaum, 1840
- Subfamilia: Bronzows ( Cetoniinae Leach, 1815 )
  - Trib: picioare cu aripi scurte ( Valgini Mulsant , 1842 )
    - Subtrib : Microvalgina Kolbe, 1904
    - Subtrib : Valgina Mulsant , 1842

=Acanthovalgina Kolbe, 1904 =Cosmovalgina Kolbe, 1904 =Dasyvalgina Kolbe, 1904 =Ischnovalgina Kolbe, 1904 =Sphinctovalgina Kolbe, 1904

- - Trib: Waxes and pieds ( Trichini Fleming, 1821 )
    - Subtrib : Cryptodontina Lacordaire, 1856
    - Subtrib : Platygeniina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Trichiina Fleming, 1821

=Elpidina Peringuey, 1907 =Myodermina Peringuey, 1907

- - - Subtrib : Incaina Burmeister, 1842
    - Subtrib: Osmodermatina Schenkling, 1922
    - Trib: Cremastocheilini Burmeister & Schaum, 1841
    - Subtrib : Spilophorina Krikken , 1984
    - Subtrib : Macromina Burmeister & Schaum, 1840
    - Subtrib : Trogodina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Nyassinina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib: Heterogeniina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Aspilina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Coenochilina Burmeister, 1842
    - Subtrib : Cymophorina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib: Trichoplina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Oplostomatina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Telochilina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Genuchina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Pilinurgia Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Goliathopsidina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Cremastocheilina Burmeister & Schaum, 1841
    - Subtrib : Lissogeniina Krikken, 1984
  - Trib: Xiphoscelidini Burmeister, 1842
  - Trib: Stenotarsiini Kraatz , 1880
    - Subtrib : Coptomiina Schenkling , 1921
    - Subtrib : Anochiliina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Pantoliina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Stenotarsiina Kraatz, 1880
    - Subtrib : Euchroeina Paulian & Descarpentries , 1982
    - Subtrib : Doryscelina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib: Parachiliina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib: Heterophanina Schoch, 1894
    - Subtrib : Chromoptiliina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Heterosomatina Krikken, 1984
  - Trib: Schizorhinini Burmeister, 1842
    - Subtrib : Schizorhinina Burmeister, 1842

=Diaphoniina Kraatz, 1880 =Eupoecilina Kraatz, 1880 =Hemipharina Kraatz, 1880

- - - Subtrib : Lomapterina Burmeister, 1842

=Macronotina Burmeister, 1842

- - Trib: Goliathini Griffith & Pidgeon , 1832
    - Subtrib : Goliathina Griffith & Pidgeon, 1832

=Hypselogeniina Schoch, 1894

- - - Subtrib : Dicronocephalina Krikken, 1984
    - Subtrib : Ichnestomatina Burmeister, 1842
    - Subtrib : Coryphocerina Burmeister, 1842

= Heterorhinina Kraatz, 1880 = Ceratorhinina Kraatz, 1880 = BothRorrhinina Schoch, 1894 = Gnathocerina Schoch, 1894 = Ischnoscelina Schoch, 1894 = Coelorrhinina Schoch, 1895 = Rhomborhinina Schoch, 1894 = Tmesorrhinina Schoch, 1894 = Mecynhin

- - Trib: Cetoniini Leach, 1815
    - Subtrib : Cetoniina Leach, 1815

=Elaphinina Schoch, 1894 =Glycyphanina Schoch, 1894 =Pachnodina Peringuey, 1907 =Tephraeina Schenkling, 1921

- - - Subtrib : Euphorina Schoch, 1894
    - Subtrib : Leucocelina Kraatz, 1882
  - Trib: Gymnetini Kirby, 1827
    - Subtrib : Gymnetina Kirby, 1827

=Clinteriina Kraatz, 1882 =Stethodesmatina Schoch, 1894

- - - Subtrib : Blaesiina Schoch, 1895
  - Trib: Diplognathini Burmeister, 1842

= Porphyronotini Peringuey, 1907

- - Trib: Phaedimini Schoch, 1894
  - Trib: Taenioderini Miksic , 1976
    - Subtrib : Taenioderina Miksic, 1976
    - Subtrib : Chalcotheina Miksic, 1976
Familia † Paralucanidae

Vezi și

Lista de nume rusești pentru scaraboizi

Note

↑ Brett C. Ratcliffe. O listă de verificare a Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) din Panama (engleză) // Zootaxa: journal. - 2002. - Nr. 32 . - P. 1-48 . Arhivat din original pe 23 iulie 2019.
↑ Frank-Thorsten Krell. Fossil Record and Evolution of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) // Coleopterists Society Monographies. Seria Patricia Vaurie. - 2006. - Emisiune. 5 . — S. 120–143 . — ISSN 1934-0451 . Arhivat din original pe 28 ianuarie 2020.
↑ ZIN.ru Atlasul gândacilor din Rusia Copie de arhivă din 21 iunie 2009 pe superfamilia Wayback Machine SCARABAOIDEA
↑ Ross H. Arnett, Jr. & Michael C. Thomas. Gândacii americani . — Londra, New York, Washington, DC: CRC Press, 2001–2002. — ISBN 9780849309540 . Arhivat pe 25 septembrie 2009 la Wayback Machine
↑ Smith, ABT O revizuire a numelor grupurilor de familie pentru superfamilia Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) cu corecții la nomenclatură și o clasificare curentă // Coleopterists Society monografie. - 2006. - T. 5 . - S. 144-204 .

Literatură

Nikolaev G.V. Etapa mezozoică de evoluție a lamelarelor (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). - Almaty: cetăţean kazah. un-t, 2007. - 222 p.

Link -uri

Smith, ABT O revizuire a numelor de grup de familie pentru superfamilia Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) cu corecții la nomenclatură și o clasificare actuală (engleză) // Monografia Societății Coleopterists. - 2006. - T. 5 . - S. 144-204 .
Lista de verificare a Scarabaeoidea din Regatul Nearctic (2003)
Catalogul Coleopterelor Palearctice. Vol. 3 ed. I. Lobl, & A. Smetana, Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Danemarca, 2006
ISBN 87-88757-59-5 , p. 63

Taxonomie modernă a gândacilor ( Coleoptera ) după subordine
Regatul Animale Tip de artropode Clasă Insecte Subclasă insecte înaripate Infraclasă Insecte cu aripi noi Comoară Endopterygota
† Alfacoleoptere	† Coleopsoidea † Permocupedoidea † Permosynoidea
Arhostematici	Cupedoid Micromaltoid
mixofaga	Sphaeriusoidea
gândaci carnivori	Girinoid haliploid Ditiscoid Caraboid
gândaci polifagi	hidrofiloid Histeroid Stafilinoide Scaraboid Scirtoid Dascilloidea Buprestoid birroid elateroid Cantaroidă Derodontoid Bostrichoid forat Cleroid Cucuyoid Tenebrionoid Crizomeloid Curculionoid