Albine tâmplar

albine tâmplar

Domeniu:eucarioteRegatul:AnimaleSub-regn:EumetazoiFără rang:Bilateral simetricFără rang:protostomeFără rang:NaparlireaFără rang:PanarthropodaTip de:artropodeSubtip:Respirația trahealăSuperclasa:şase picioareClasă:InsecteSubclasă:insecte înaripateInfraclasa:NewwingsComoară:Insecte cu metamorfoză completăSupercomanda:HymenopteridaEchipă:himenoptereSubordine:burtă pândităInfrasquad:ÎnțepăturăSuperfamilie:ApoideaFamilie:albine adevărateSubfamilie:XilocopinaeTrib:Xylocopini latreille , 1802Gen:albine tâmplar

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Xylocopa latreille , 1802

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ESTE	154392
NCBI	135692
EOL	35910
FW	152552

Albinele tâmplar [1] sau xilocopii , sau cuiburile de copaci [2] ( lat. Xylocopa ) sunt albine mari păroase distribuite în întreaga lume.

Descriere

Există peste 500 de specii de albine tâmplar, grupate în 31 de subgenuri [3] . Denumirea de albine tâmplar provine de la faptul că își construiesc cuiburile în vizuini din lemn mort, bambus sau clădiri (cu excepția membrilor subgenului Proxylocopa , care cuibăresc în pământ). Membrii tribului strâns înrudit Ceratinini sunt uneori denumiți „albine mici dulgheri”.

Vederi ale Europei

Xylocopa valga - albină tâmplar
Xylocopa violacea - albină dulgher mov sau bondar purpuriu dulgher
Xylocopa amedae Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa cantabrita Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa gracilis Dusmet și Alonso, 1923
Xylocopa iris (Hristos, 1791)
Xylocopa olivieri Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa uclesiensis Perez, 1901

Specii fosile:

† Xylocopa gabrielae
† Xylocopa senilis Heer

Galerie

Albină la intrarea în cuib
Rumeguș de la un cuib de albine dulgher
Albină dulgher japoneză
Albină dulgher mov ( Xylocopa violacea )
Xylocopa tabaniformis
Xylocopa violacea pe florile Lantana camara

Clasificare

Au fost descrise aproximativ 500 de specii [3] .

Xylocopa abbotti (Cockerell, 1909)
Xylocopa abbreviata Hurd & Moure, 1963
Xylocopa acutipennis Smith, 1854
Xylocopa adumbrata Lieftinck, 1957
Xylocopa adusta Perez, 1901
Xylocopa aeneipennis (DeGeer, 1773)
Xylocopa aerata (Smith, 1851)
Xylocopa aestuans ( Linnaeus , 1758)
Xylocopa aethiopica Perez, 1901
Xylocopa africana ( Fabricius , 1781)
Xylocopa albiceps Fabricius, 1804
Xylocopa albifrons Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa albinotum Matsumura, 1926
Xylocopa alternata Perez, 1901
Xylocopa alticola (Cockerell, 1919)
Xylocopa amamensis Sonan, 1934
Xylocopa amauroptera Perez , 1901
Xylocopa amazonica Enderlein, 1913
Xylocopa amedae Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa amethystina (Fabricius, 1793)
Xylocopa andarabana Hedicke, 1938
Xylocopa andica Enderlein, 1913
Xylocopa angulosa Maa, 1954
Xylocopa anthophoroides Smith, 1874
Xylocopa apicalis Smith, 1854
Xylocopa appendiculata Smith, 1852
Xylocopa artifex Smith, 1874
Xylocopa aruana Ritsema , 1876
Xylocopa assimilis Ritsema, 1880
Xylocopa augusti Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa auripennis Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa aurorea Friese , 1922
Xylocopa aurulenta (Fabricius, 1804)
Xylocopa bakeriana (Cockerell, 1914)
Xylocopa balteata Maa, 1943
Xylocopa bambusae Schrottky, 1902
Xylocopa bangkaensis Friese, 1903
Xylocopa barbatella Cockerell, 1931
Xylocopa bariwal Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa basalis Smith, 1854
Xylocopa bentoni Cockerell, 1919
Xylocopa bequaerti (Cockerell, 1930)
Xylocopa bhowara Maa, 1938
Xylocopa biangulata Vachal, 1899
Xylocopa bicarinata Alfken, 1932
Xylocopa bicristata Maa, 1954
Xylocopa bilineata Friese, 1914
Xylocopa bimaculata Friese, 1903
Xylocopa binongkona van der Vecht, 1953
Xylocopa bluethgeni Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa bombiformis Smith, 1874
Xylocopa bomboides Smith, 1879
Xylocopa bombylans (Fabricius, 1775)
Xylocopa boops Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa bouyssoui Vachal, 1898
Xylocopa brasilianorum ( Linnaeus , 1767)
Xylocopa braunsi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa bruesi Cockerell, 1914
Xylocopa bryorum (Fabricius, 1775)
Xylocopa buginesica Vecht, 1953
Xylocopa buruana Lieftinck, 1956
Xylocopa caerulea (Fabricius, 1804)
Xylocopa caffra ( Linnaeus , 1767)
Xylocopa calcarata (LeVeque, 1928)
Xylocopa calens Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa californica Cresson, 1864
Xylocopa caloptera Perez , 1901
Xylocopa canaria (Cockerell & LeVeque, 1925)
Xylocopa cantabrita Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa capensis Spinola, 1838
Xylocopa capitata Smith, 1854
Xylocopa carbonaria Smith, 1854
Xylocopa caribea Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa caspari van der Vecht, 1953
Xylocopa caviventris Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa cearensis Ducke, 1911
Xylocopa ceballosi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa celebensis (Gribodo, 1894)
Xylocopa chapini (LeVeque, 1928)
Xylocopa chinensis Friese, 1911
Xylocopa chiyakensis (Cockerell, 1908)
Xylocopa chlorina (Cockerell, 1915)
Xylocopa chrysopoda Schrottky, 1902
Xylocopa chrysoptera Latreille, 1809
Xylocopa ciliata Burmeister, 1876
Xylocopa citrina Friese, 1909
Xylocopa clarionensis Hurd, 1958
Xylocopa claripennis Friese, 1922
Xylocopa cloti Vachal, 1898
Xylocopa cockerelli Maa, 1943
Xylocopa codinai Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa colona Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa columbiensis Perez, 1901
Xylocopa combinata Ritsema, 1876
Xylocopa combusta Smith, 1854
Xylocopa concolorata Maa, 1938
Xylocopa conradsiana Friese, 1911
Xylocopa coracina van der Vecht, 1953
Xylocopa cornigera Friese, 1909
Xylocopa coronata Smith, 1861
Xylocopa cribrata Perez, 1901
Xylocopa cubaecola Lucas, 1857
Xylocopa cuernosensis (Cockerell, 1915)
Xylocopa cyanea Smith, 1874
Xylocopa cyanescens Brullé, 1832
Xylocopa dalbertisi Lieftinck, 1957
Xylocopa dapitanensis (Cockerell, 1915)
Xylocopa darwini Cockerell, 1926
Xylocopa dejeanii Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa dibongoana Hedicke, 1923
Xylocopa dimidiata Latreille, 1809
Xylocopa disconota Friese, 1914
Xylocopa distinguenda Perez, 1901
Xylocopa ditypa Vachal, 1898
Xylocopa diversipes Smith, 1861
Xylocopa dolosa Vachal, 1899
Xylocopa dormeyeri (Enderlein, 1909)
Xylocopa duala Strand, 1921
Xylocopa electa Smith, 1874
Xylocopa elegans Hurd & Moure, 1963
Xylocopa erlangeri Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa erythrina Gribodo, 1894
Xylocopa escalerai Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa esica Cameron, 1902
Xylocopa euchlora Perez , 1901
Xylocopa euxantha Cockerell, 1933
Xylocopa eximia Perez, 1901
Xylocopa fabriciana Moure, 1960
Xylocopa fallax Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa fenestrata (Fabricius, 1798)
Xylocopa fervens Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa fimbriata Fabricius, 1804
Xylocopa flavicollis (DeGeer, 1778)
Xylocopa flavifrons Matsumura, 1912
Xylocopa flavonigrescens Smith, 1854
Xylocopa flavorufa (DeGeer, 1778)
Xylocopa forbesii W. F. Kirby, 1883
Xylocopa forsiusi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa fortissima Cockerell, 1930
Xylocopa franseni van der Vecht, 1953
Xylocopa friesiana Maa, 1939
Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier, 1789)
Xylocopa fuliginata Perez, 1901
Xylocopa fulva Friese, 1922
Xylocopa funesta Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa fuscata Smith, 1854
Xylocopa gabonica (Gribodo, 1894)
Xylocopa ganglbaueri Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa gaullei Vachal, 1898
Xylocopa ghilianii Gribodo, 1891
Xylocopa gracilis Dusmet și Alonso, 1923
Xylocopa graueri Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa gressitti Lieftinck, 1957
Xylocopa gribodoi Magretti, 1892
Xylocopa grisescens Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa grossa (Drury, 1770)
Xylocopa grubaueri Friese, 1903
Xylocopa gualanensis Cockerell, 1912
Xylocopa guatemalensis Cockerell, 1912
Xylocopa guigliae Lieftinck, 1957
Xylocopa haefligeri Friese, 1909
Xylocopa haematospila Moure, 1951
Xylocopa hafizii Maa, 1938
Xylocopa hellenica Spinola, 1843
Xylocopa hirsutissima Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa hottentotta Smith, 1854
Xylocopa hyalinipennis Friese, 1922
Xylocopa ignescens (LeVeque, 1928)
Smith imitator de Xylocopa , 1854
Xylocopa incandescens (Cockerell, 1932)
Xylocopa incerta Perez, 1901
Xylocopa incompleta Ritsema, 1880
Xylocopa inconspicua Maa, 1937
Xylocopa inconstans Smith, 1874
Xylocopa inquirenda Vachal, 1899
Xylocopa insola Vachal, 1910
Xylocopa insularis Smith, 1857
Xylocopa io Vachal, 1898
Xylocopa iranica Maa, 1954
Xylocopa iridipennis Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa iris (Hristos, 1791)
Xylocopa isabelleae Hurd, 1959
Xylocopa javana Friese, 1914
Xylocopa kamerunensis Vachal, 1899
Xylocopa karnyi Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa kerri (Cockerell, 1929)
Xylocopa kuehni Friese, 1903
Xylocopa lachnea Moure, 1951
Xylocopa lanata Smith, 1854
Xylocopa langi (LeVeque, 1928)
Xylocopa lateralis Say, 1837
Xylocopa lateritia Smith, 1854
Xylocopa laticeps
Xylocopa latipes (Drury, 1773)
Xylocopa lautipennis (Cockerell, 1933)
Xylocopa lehmanni Friese, 1903
Xylocopa lepeletieri Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa leucocephala Ritsema, 1876
Xylocopa leucothoracoides Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa levequeae Maa, 1943
Xylocopa lieftincki Leys, 2000
Xylocopa lombokensis Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa longespinosa Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa longula Friese, 1922
Xylocopa loripes Smith, 1874
Xylocopa lucbanensis (Cockerell, 1927)
Xylocopa lucida Smith, 1874
Xylocopa lugubris Gerstäcker, 1857
Xylocopa lundqvisti Lieftinck, 1957
Xylocopa luteola Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa macrops Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa madida Friese, 1925
Xylocopa madurensis Friese, 1913
Xylocopa maesoi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa magnifica (Cockerell, 1929)
Xylocopa maidli Maa, 1940
Xylocopa major Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa marginella Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa mastrucata Perez, 1901
Xylocopa mazarredoi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa mcgregori Cockerell, 1920
Xylocopa mckeani (Cockerell, 1929)
Xylocopa meadewaldoi Hurd, 1959
Xylocopa mendozana Enderlein, 1913
Xylocopa merceti Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa metallica Smith, 1874
Xylocopa mexicanorum Cockerell, 1912
Xylocopa meyeri Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa micans Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa micheneri Hurd, 1978
Xylocopa mimetica Cockerell, 1915
Xylocopa minor Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa mirabilis Hurd & Moure, 1963
Xylocopa mixta Radoszkowski, 1881
Xylocopa modesta Smith, 1854
Xylocopa mohnikei Cockerell, 1907
Xylocopa mongolicus (Wu, 1983)
Xylocopa montana Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa mordax Smith, 1874
Xylocopa morotaiana Lieftinck, 1956
Xylocopa muscaria (Fabricius, 1775)
Xylocopa myops Ritsema , 1876
Xylocopa nasalis Westwood, 1842
Xylocopa nasica Perez , 1901
Xylocopa nautlana Cockerell, 1904
Xylocopa negligenda Maa, 1939
Xylocopa nigrella Hurd, 1959
Xylocopa nigrescens Friese, 1901
Xylocopa nigricans Vachal, 1910
Xylocopa nigricaula (LeVeque, 1928)
Xylocopa nigripes Friese, 1915
Xylocopa nigrita (Fabricius, 1775)
Xylocopa nigrocaerulea Smith, 1874
Xylocopa nigrocaudata Perez , 1901
Xylocopa nigrocincta Smith, 1854
Xylocopa nigroclypeata Rayment, 1935
Xylocopa nigroplagiata Ritsema , 1876
Xylocopa nigrotarsata Maa, 1938
Xylocopa nitidiventris Smith, 1878
Xylocopa nix (Maa, 1954)
Xylocopa nobilis Smith, 1859
Xylocopa nogueirai Hurd & Moure, 1960
Xylocopa nyassica Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa oblonga Smith, 1874
Xylocopa obscurata Smith, 1854
Xylocopa obscuritarsis Friese, 1922
Xylocopa occipitalis Perez, 1901
Xylocopa ocellaris Perez, 1901
Xylocopa ocularis Perez, 1901
Xylocopa ogasawarensis Matsumura, 1932
Xylocopa olivacea (Fabricius, 1778)
Xylocopa olivieri Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa ordinaria Smith, 1874
Xylocopa ornata Smith, 1874
Xylocopa orthogonaspis Moure, 2003
Xylocopa orthosiphonis (Cockerell, 1908)
Xylocopa pallidiscopa Hurd, 1961
Xylocopa parviceps Morawitz, 1895
Xylocopa parvula Rayment, 1935
Xylocopa perforator Smith, 1861
Xylocopa perkinsi Cameron, 1901
Xylocopa perpunctata (LeVeque, 1928)
Xylocopa peruana Perez, 1901
Xylocopa perversa Wiedemann, 1824
Xylocopa pervirescens Cockerell, 1931
Xylocopa phalothorax Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa philippinensis Smith, 1854
Xylocopa pilosa Friese, 1922
Xylocopa plagioxantha Lieftinck, 1964
Xylocopa praeusta Smith, 1854
Xylocopa prashadi Maa, 1938
Xylocopa preussi Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa provida Smith, 1863
Xylocopa proximata Maa, 1938
Xylocopa przewalskyi Morawitz, 1886
Xylocopa pseudoleucothorax Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa pseudoviolacea Popov, 1947
Xylocopa pubescens Spinola, 1838
Xylocopa pulchra Smith, 1874
Xylocopa punctifrons Cockerell, 1917
Xylocopa punctigena Maa, 1938
Xylocopa punctilabris Morawitz, 1894
Xylocopa pusulata Vachal, 1910
Xylocopa ramakrishnai Maa, 1938
Xylocopa rejecta Vachal, 1910
Xylocopa remota Maa, 1938
Xylocopa rogenhoferi Friese, 1900
Xylocopa rotundiceps Smith, 1874
Xylocopa rufa Friese, 1901
Xylocopa ruficeps Friese, 1910
Xylocopa ruficollis Hurd & Moure, 1963
Xylocopa ruficornis Fabricius, 1804
Xylocopa rufidorsum Enderlein, 1913
Xylocopa rufipes Smith, 1852
Xylocopa rufitarsis Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa rutilans Lieftinck, 1957
Xylocopa samarensis (Cockerell & LeVeque, 1925)
Xylocopa sarawatica Engel, 2017 [4]
Xylocopa schoana Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa scioensis Gribodo, 1884
Xylocopa senex Friese, 1909
Xylocopa senior Vachal, 1899
Xylocopa shelfordi Cameron, 1902
Xylocopa sicheli Vachal, 1898
Xylocopa signata Morawitz, 1875
Xylocopa similis Smith, 1874
Xylocopa simillima Smith, 1854
Xylocopa sinensis (Wu, 1983)
Xylocopa sinensis Smith, 1854
Xylocopa smithii Ritsema, 1876
Xylocopa sogdiana Popov & Ponomareva, 1961
Xylocopa somalica Magretti, 1895
Xylocopa sonorina Smith , 1874
Sfinxul Xylocopa Vachal, 1899
Xylocopa splendidula Lepeletier, 1841
Xylocopa stadelmanni ] Vachal, 1899
Xylocopa stanleyi (LeVeque, 1928)
Xylocopa steindachneri Maidl, 1912
Xylocopa strandi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
Xylocopa subcombusta (LeVeque, 1928)
Xylocopa subcyanea Perez , 1901
Xylocopa subjuncta Vachal, 1898
Xylocopa subvirescens Cresson, 1879
Xylocopa subvolatilis (Cockerell, 1918)
Xylocopa subzonata Moure, 1949
Xylocopa sulcatipes Maa, 1970
Xylocopa sulcifrons Perez , 1901
Xylocopa suspecta Moure & Camargo, 1988
Xylocopa suspiciosa Vachal, 1899
Xylocopa sycophanta Perez, 1901
Xylocopa tabaniformis Smith, 1854
Xylocopa tacanensis Moure, 1949
Xylocopa tambelanensis (Cockerell, 1926)
Xylocopa tanganyikae Strand, 1911
Xylocopa tayabanica Cockerell, 1930
Xylocopa tegulata Friese, 1911
Xylocopa tenkeana Cockerell, 1933
Xylocopa tenuata Smith, 1874
Xylocopa tenuiscapa Westwood, 1840
Breasla Xylocopa teredo , 1825
Xylocopa tesselata Maa, 1970
Xylocopa thoracica Friese, 1903
Xylocopa togoensis Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa torrida (Westwood, 1838)
Xylocopa tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1804)
Xylocopa tranquebarorum (Swederus, 1787)
Xylocopa transitoria Perez, 1901
Xylocopa tricolor Ritsema, 1876
Xylocopa trifasciata Gribodo, 1891
Xylocopa trochanterica Vachal, 1910
Xylocopa truxali Hurd & Moure, 1963
Xylocopa tumida Friese, 1903
Xylocopa tumorifera Lieftinck, 1957
Xylocopa turanica Morawitz, 1875
Xylocopa uclesiensis Perez , 1901
Xylocopa unicolor Smith, 1861
Xylocopa ustulata Smith, 1854
Xylocopa vachali Perez , 1901
Xylocopa valga Gerstäcker , 1872
Xylocopa varentzowi Morawitz, 1895
Xylocopa varians Smith, 1874
Xylocopa varipes Smith, 1854
Xylocopa velutina Lieftinck, 1957
Xylocopa versicolor Alfken, 1930
Xylocopa vestita Hurd & Moure, 1963
Xylocopa villosa Friese, 1909
Xylocopa violacea ( Linnaeus , 1758)
Xylocopa virginica ( Linnaeus , 1771)
Xylocopa viridigastra Lepeletier , 1841
Xylocopa viridis Smith, 1854
Xylocopa vittata Enderlein, 1903
Xylocopa vogtiana Enderlein, 1913
Xylocopa volatilis Smith, 1861
Xylocopa vulpina Alfken, 1930
Xylocopa waterhousei Leys, 2000
Xylocopa watmoughi Eardley, 1983
Xylocopa wellmani Cockerell, 1906
Xylocopa wilmattae Cockerell, 1912
Xylocopa xanti Mocsary , 1883
Xylocopa yunnanensis Wu, 1982
Xylocopa zonata Alfken, 1930

Note

↑ Gornostaev G. N. Insectele URSS. - M . : Gândirea, 1970. - 372 p. - (Manuale-determinanți ai geografului și călătorul).
↑ Cuiburi de copaci // Dicționar enciclopedic al lui Brockhaus și Efron : în 86 de volume (82 de volume și 4 suplimentare). - Sankt Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
↑ 1 2 Minckley, RL 1998. O analiză cladistică și o clasificare a subgenurilor și genurilor de albine tâmplar mari, tribul Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Lucrări științifice, Muzeul de Istorie Naturală, Universitatea din Kansas 9:1-47
↑ Engel, MS; Alqarni, AS; Shebl, M.A.; Iqbal, J.; Hinojosa-Diaz, I. A. (2017). „O nouă specie din genul de albine dulgher Xylocopa din Munții Sarawat din sud-vestul Arabiei Saudite (Hymenoptera: Apidae)” . ZooKeys (716): 29-41. doi : 10.3897/zookeys.716.21150 . PMC 5740427 . PMID29290706 . _ Arhivat din original pe 2020-05-06 . Preluat 2020-04-30 . Parametrul depreciat folosit |deadlink=( ajutor )

Literatură

Germán Villamizar, Fernando Fernández, Felipe Vivallo. 2020. Sinopsis al subgenului de albine dulgher Xylocopa ( Schonnherria ) Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) în Columbia, cu desemnarea lectotipurilor și descrierea a două specii noi. Zootaxa Vol 4789, No 2: 301-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4789.2.2
Hurd PD Jr. (1956) Note despre subgenurile albinelor tâmplare din Lumea Nouă din genul Xylocopa (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). American Museum Novitates, 1776, 1–7.
Hurd PD Jr. (1959) Câteva probleme nomenclatoriale în genul Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Entomologul Pan-Pacific, 35, 135–148.
Hurd PD Jr. (1978) Un catalog adnotat al albinelor dulgher (genul Xylocopa Latreille) din emisfera vestică (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 106 p.
Hurd PD Jr. & Moure, JS (1961) Sistematica tipurilor de albine tâmplar (genul Xylocopa Latreille) cuprinse în colecțiile Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales „Bernardino Rivadavia” (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 34, 181-195.
Hurd PD Jr. & Moure, JS (1963) A classification of the big carpenter bees (Xylocopini) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Publicațiile Universității din California în Entomologie 29. University of California Press, Berkeley, 365 pp.

Link -uri

Harta de distribuție a Xylocopa

Dicționare și enciclopedii	Mare catalană Rusă mare Brockhaus și Efron Britannica (online) Britannica (online)
Taxonomie	EOL Lucrări fosile GBIF iNaturalist NCBI IRMNG ITIS TSN
În cataloagele bibliografice	NDL : 00566976