În formă de linguriță
În formă de linguriță ( lat. Noctuoidea ) este cea mai mare superfamilie a ordinului Lepidoptera din punct de vedere al numarului de specii , dintre care sunt peste 70 000. Clasificarea sa nu a ajuns inca intr-o stare stabila.
Superfamilia se distinge printr-o trăsătură caracteristică: baza venei mediane mediane (M2) de pe aripile anterioare este foarte aproape de baza venei mediale posterioare (M3), cârligul este bine dezvoltat, iar în repaus aripile se pliază ca un acoperiș [2] .
Un ou găsit în Cretacicul superior al SUA este considerat a fi cea mai veche descoperire de linguri [3] .
Clasificare
- Familia Oenosandridae Miller, 1991
- Familia Doidae Donahue & Brown, 1987
- Familia Notodontidae Stephens, 1829
- Subfamilia Thaumetopoeinae Aurivillius, 1889
- Subfamilia Pygaerinae Duponchel, 1845
- Subfamilia Platychasmatinae Nakamura, 1956
- Subfamilia Notodontinae Stephens, 1829
- Tribul Notodontini Stephens, 1829
- Tribul Dicranurini Duponchel, 1845
- Subfamilia Phalerinae Butler, 1886
- Subfamilia Dudusinae Matsumura, 1925
- Tribul Dudusini Matsumura, 1925
- Tribul Scranciini Miller, 1991
- Subfamilia Hemiceratinae Guenée, 1852
- Subfamilia Heterocampinae Neumogen & Dyar, 1894
- Subfamilia Nystaleinae Forbes, 1948
- Subfamilia Dioptinae Walker, 1862
- Familia Micronoctuidae Fibiger, 2005
- Subfamilia Micronoctuinae Fibiger, 2005
- Subfamilia Pollexinae Fibiger, 2007
- Subfamilia Belluliinae Fibiger, 2008
- Tribul Belluliini Fibiger, 2008
- Tribul Medialini Fibiger, 2008
- Subfamilia Magninae Fibiger, 2008
- Tribul Magnini Fibiger, 2008
- Tribul Faeculini Fibiger, 2008
- Subfamilia Parachrostiinae Fibiger, 2008
- Tribul Duplexini Fibiger, 2008
- Tribul Parachrostiini Fibiger, 2008
- Familia Noctuidae Latreille, 1809
- Subfamilia Rivulinae Grote, 1895
- Subfamilia Boletobiinae Grote, 1895
- Subfamilia Hypenodinae Forbes, 1954
- Subfamilia Araeopteroninae Fibiger, 2005
- Subfamilia Eublemminae Forbes, 1954
- Tribul Eublemmini Forbes, 1954
- Tribul Pangraptini Grote, 1882
- Subfamilia Herminiinae Leach, 1815
- Subfamilia Scolecocampinae Grote, 1883
- Subfamilia Hypeninae Herrich-Schäffer, 1851
- Subfamilia Phytometrinae Hampson, 1913
- Subfamilia Aventiinae Tutt, 1896
- Subfamilia Erebinae Leach, 1815
- Subfamilia Calpinae Boisduval, 1840
- Tribul Anomini Grote, 1882
- Tribul Calpini Boisduval, 1840
- Tribul Phyllodini Guenee, 1852
- Subfamilia Catocalinae Boisduval, 1828
- Tribul Toxocampini Guénée , 1852
- Tribul Acantholipini Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
- Tribul Arytrurini Fibiger și Lafontaine, 2005
- Tribul Melipotini Grote, 1895
- Tribul Euclidiini Guenee , 1852
- Tribul Panopodini Forbes, 1954
- Tribul Ophiusini Guenée, 1837 (= Omopterini Boisduval, 1833,)
- Tribul Catocalini Boisduval, 1828
- Tribul Anobini Holloway, 2005 (= Anobini Wiltshire, 1990, nomen nudum )
- Tribul Sypnini Holloway, 2005
- Tribul Hypopyrini Guenée, 1852
- Tribul Tinolini Moore, 1885
- Tribul Hulodini Guenée, 1852 (= Speiredoniinae Swinhoe, 1900)
- Tribul Ommatophorini Guenée, 1852
- Tribul Pericymini Wiltshire; 1976
- Tribul Pandesmini Wiltshire, 1990, nomen nudum
- Tribul Catephiini Guenée, 1852
- Tribul Ercheini Berio, 1992
- Subfamilia Cocytiinae Boisduval, 1874
- Subfamilia Stictopterinae Hampson, 1894
- Subfamilia Euteliinae Grote, 1882
- (Subfamilia Nolinae ) Bruand, 1846, stat rev.
- Tribul Nolini Bruand, 1846, stat rev.
- Tribul Chloephorini Stainton, 1859, stat rev.
- Subtribul Chloephorina Stainton, 1859, stat rev.
- Subtribul Sarrothripina Hampson, 1894, stat rev.
- Subtribul Camptolomina Mell, 1943, stat rev.
- Subtribul Careina Moore, 1883, stat rev.
- Subtribul Ariolicina Mell, 1943, stat rev.
- Tribul Westermanniini Hampson, 1918, stat rev.
- Tribul Eariadini Hampson, 1912, stat rev.
- Tribul Blenini Mell, 1943, stat rev.
- Tribul Risobini Mell, 1943, stat rev.
- Tribuul Collomenini Kitching & Rawlins, 1998, stat rev.
- Tribu Afridini Kitching & Rawlins, 1998, stat rev.
- Tribul Eligmini Mell, 1943, stat rev.
- Subfamilia Aganainae Boisduval, 1833
- (Subfamilia Arctiinae Leach, 1815), stat. nov.
- Tribul Lithosiini Billberg, 1820, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Phryganopterygina Bendib & Minet, 1999, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Aesalina Bendib & Minet, 1999, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Eudesmiina Bendib & Minet, 1999, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Cisthenina Bendib & Minet, 1999, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Nudariina Börner, 1920, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Endrosina Börner, 1932, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Lithosiina Billberg, 1820, stat. rev.
- Tribul Syntomini Herrich-Schäffer, 1846, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Syntomina Herrich-Schäffer, 1846, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Thyretina Butler, 1876, stat. rev.
- Tribul Arctiini Leach, 1815, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Arctiina Leach, 1815, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Callimorphina Walker, 1865, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Pericopina Walker, 1865, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Phaegopterina Kirby, 1892, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Euchromiina Butler, 1876, stat. rev.
- (Subfamilia Lymantriinae ) Hampson, 1893, stat. nov.
- Tribul Lymantriini Hampson, 1893, stat. rev.
- Tribul Orgyiini Wallengren, 1861, stat. rev.
- Tribul Arctornithini Holloway, 1999, stat. rev.
- Tribul Leucomini Grote, 1895, stat. rev.
- Tribul Nygmiini Holloway, 1999, stat. rev.
- Subfamilia Strepsimaninae Meyrick, 1930, stat rev.
- Subfamilia Plusiinae Boisduval, 1828
- Tribul Abrostolini Eichlin și Cunningham, 1978
- Tribul Argyrogrammatini Eichlin & Cunningham, 1978
- Tribul Plusiini Boisduval, 1828
- Subtribul Autoplusiina Kitching, 1987
- Subtribul Euchaciina Chou & Lu, 1979
- Subtribul Plusiina Boisduval, 1828
- Subfamilia Eustrotiinae Grote, 1882
- Subfamilia Bagisarinae Crumb, 1956
- Tribul Bagisarini Crumb, 1956
- Tribul Cydosiini Kitching & Rawlins, 1998
- Subfamilia Acontiinae Guenée, 1841
- Tribul Hypercalymniini Fibiger și Lafontaine, 2005
- Tribul Acontiini Guenee, 1841
- Tribul Armadini Wiltshire, 1961
- Tribul Aediini Beck, 1960
- Subfamilia Pantheinae Smith, 1898
- Subfamilia Diphtherinae Fibiger și Lafontaine, 2005
- Subfamilia Dilobinae Aurivillius, 1889
- Subfamilia Raphiinae Beck, 1996
- Subfamilia Balsinae Grote, 1896, stat. rev.
- Subfamilia Acronictinae Heinemann, 1859
- Subfamilia Metoponiinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1851
- Subfamilia Sinocharinae Speidel, Fänger & Naumann, 1996
- Subfamilia Lophonyctinae Speidel, Fänger & Naumann, 1996
- Subfamilia Agaristinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1858
- Subfamilia Eucocytiinae Hampson, 1918
- Subfamilia Cuculliinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1850
- Subfamilia Oncocnemidinae Forbes & Franclemont, 1954
- Subfamilia Amphipyrinae Guénée , 1837
- Subfamilia Psaphidinae Grote, 1896
- Tribul Psaphidini Grote, 1896
- Tribul Feraliini Poole, 1995
- Tribul Nocloini Poole, 1995
- Tribul Triocnemidini Poole, 1995
- Subfamilia Stiriinae Grote, 1882
- Tribul Stiriini Grote, 1882
- Triba Grotellini Poole, 1995
- Tribul Azenini Poole, 1995
- Subfamilia Heliothinae Boisduval, 1828
- Subfamilia Condicinae Poole, 1995
- Tribul Condicini Poole, 1995
- Tribul Leuconyctini Poole, 1995
- Subfamilia Eriopinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1851
- Subfamilia Bryophilinae Guénée , 1852
- Subfamilia Xyleninae Guénée , 1837
- Tribul Pseudeustrotiini Beck, 1996
- Tribul Phosphilini Poole, 1995, stat. rev.
- Tribul Prodenilni Forbes, 1954
- Tribul Eiaphriini Beck, 1996
- Tribul Caradrinini Boisduval, 1840
- Subtribul Caradrinina Boisduval, 1840
- Subtribul Athetina Fibiger și Lafontaine, 2005
- Tribul Dypterygiini Forbes, 1954
- Tribul Actinotiini Beck, 1996
- Tribul Phlogophorini Hampson, 1918
- Tribul Apameini Guenée, 1841 (= Nonagriini Guenée, 1837)
- Subtribul Oxytripiina Gozmany , 1970
- Subtribul Apameina Guénée , 1841
- Subtribul Sesamiina Fibiger & Goldstein, 2005
- Tribul Arzamini Grote, 1883
- Tribul Episemini Guenee , 1852
- Tribul Xylenini Guenee , 1837
- Subtribul Xylenina Guenée, 1837
- Subtribul Cosmiina Guenée, 1852, stat. rev.
- Subtribul Antitypina Forbes & Franclemont, 1954
- Subtribul Ufeina Crumb, 1956
- Subfamilia Hadeninae Guenée, 1837
- Tribul Orthosiini Guenee , 1837
- Tribul Tholerini Beck, 1996
- Tribul Hadenini Guenee , 1837
- Tribul Leucaniini Guenée, 1837
- Tribul Eriopygini Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
- Tribul Glottulini Guenee , 1852
- Subfamilia Noctuinae Latreille, 1809
- Tribul Agrotini Rambur, 1848
- Subtribul Austrandesiina Angulo & Olivares, 1990
- Subtribul Agrotina Rambur, 1848
- Tribul Noctuini Latreille, 1809
- Subtribul Axyliina Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
- Subtribul Noctuina Latreille, 1809
Note
- ↑ Van Nieukerken, Erik J., Lauri Kaila, Ian J. Kitching, Niels P. Kristensen, David C. Lees, Joël Minet, Charles Mitter, Marko Mutanen, Jerome C. Regier, Thomas J. Simonsen, Niklas Wahlberg, Shen- corn Yen, Reza Zahiri, David Adamski, Joaquin Baixeras, Daniel Bartsch, Bengt Å. Bengtsson, John W. Brown, Sibyl Rae Bucheli, Donald R. Davis, Jurate De Prins, Willy De Prins, Marc E. Epstein, Patricia Gentili-Poole, Cees Gielis, Peter Hättenschwiler, Axel Hausmann, Jeremy D. Holloway, Axel Kallies , Ole Karsholt, Akito Y. Kawahara, Sjaak (JC) Koster, Mikhail V. Kozlov, J. Donald Lafontaine, Gerardo Lamas, Jean-François Landry, Sangmi Lee, Matthias Nuss, Kyu-Tek Park, Carla Penz, Jadranka Rota, Alexander Schintlmeister, B. Christian Schmidt, Jae-Cheon Sohn, M. Alma Solis, Gerhard M. Tarmann, Andrew D. Warren, Susan Weller, Roman V. Yakovlev, Vadim V. Zolotuhin, Andreas Zwick. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. (engleză) // În: Zhang Z.-Q. (Ed.) Biodiversitatea animalelor: o schiță a clasificării de nivel superior și studiului bogăției taxonomice. - Zootaxa : Jurnal. - Auckland, Noua Zeelandă: Magnolia Press, 2011. - Vol. 3148 . - P. 212-221 . — ISSN 1175-5326 . Arhivat din original pe 10 iunie 2014.
- ↑ Bei-Bienko G. Ya. Entomologie generală: un manual pentru universități și universități agricole. - Ed. a III-a, add. - M .: Mai sus. Scoala, 1980. - S. 253.
- ↑ Lawrence F. Gáll, Bruce H. Tiffney. Un ou fosil de molii noctuide din Cretacicul târziu din estul Americii de Nord // Știință . - 1983-02-04. — Vol. 219 , iss. 4584 . — P. 507–509 . — ISSN 1095-9203 0036-8075, 1095-9203 . - doi : 10.1126/science.219.4584.507 . Arhivat din original pe 23 iunie 2020.