Lithobius
| Lithobius | ||||||||||||
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| Drupă comună ( Lithobius forficatus ) | ||||||||||||
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| Domeniu:eucarioteRegatul:AnimaleSub-regn:EumetazoiFără rang:Bilateral simetricFără rang:protostomeFără rang:NaparlireaFără rang:PanarthropodaTip de:artropodeSubtip:Respirația trahealăSuperclasa:CentipedeClasă:lipopodeSubclasă:PleurostigmophoraEchipă:drupeFamilie:LithobiidaeGen:Lithobius | ||||||||||||
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| Lithobius Leach , 1814 | ||||||||||||
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Lithobius (lat.) este un gen de milipede din familia Lithobiidae .
Aspect și structură
Majoritatea speciilor de Lithobius sunt membri tipici ai familiei Lithobiidae. Lungimea corpului lor este de 2-5 cm, culoarea este maro. Corpul unui individ adult este format din 18 segmente și are 15 perechi de picioare [1] . Caracteristicile speciale includ foramenele împrăștiate ale glandelor coxale ale ultimei perechi de picioare.
Habitat și stil de viață
Lithobius se găsește sub roci sau scoarță, în sol și humus. Unele dintre ele sunt comune în grădini. Lithobius forficatus este cea mai comună specie de centipede din Europa. Ca și alți centipede, aceștia sunt activi noaptea. Se hrănesc cu insecte și alte nevertebrate mici. Ouăle sunt depuse în sol pe rând [1] . Pot trăi peste 3 ani.
Taxonomie
Genul Lithobius a fost descris în 1814 de William Alford Leach într-un articol publicat în David Brewster 's Encyclopedia of Edinburgh [2] . Numele provine de la două rădăcini grecești, λίθος (lithos, „piatră”) și βίος (bio-, „viață”) [3] . Leach nu a identificat specia tip a genului și nu a fost aleasă până când Pierre André Latreille a ales Scolopendra forficata Linnaeus, 1758 (acum Lithobius forficatus ) [2] . Lithobius este genul după care familia Lithobiidae a fost numită [2] .
Lithobius este unul dintre cele aproximativ 100 de genuri sau subgenuri din subfamilia Lithobiinae. Conține peste 500 de specii cu multe subspecii [4] . Clasificarea speciilor în cadrul genului este, de asemenea, o chestiune de dezbatere. Unii autori împart genul în subgenurile Eulithobius, Lithobius, Monotarsobius, Neolithobius, Pleurolithobius, Pseudolithobius, Sigibius, Thracolithobius și Troglolithobius .
Genul Lithobius include următoarele specii [4] :
- Lithobius acherontis Verhoeff, 1900
- Lithobius acipayamus Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius adherens Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius aidonensis Verhoeff, 1943
- Lithobius allotipphlus (Silvestri, 1908)
- Lithobius alpicosiensis Latzel , 1887
- Lithobius alpinus Koch, 1862 non Matic & Darabantu, 1971
- Lithobius altus Matic & Darabantu, 1971
- Lithobius ameles Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius angolianus Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius anisanus Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius ankarensis Verhoeff, 1944
- Lithobius anodus Latzel , 1880
- Lithobius antipai Matic, 1969
- Lithobius aostanus Verhoeff, 1934
- Lithobius apfelbecki Verhoeff, 1900
- Lithobius ardesiacus Fedrizzi, 1877
- Lithobius argaeensis Attems, 1905
- Lithobius arguments Newport, 1844
- Lithobius armatus Selivanov, 1878
- Lithobius asper Muralevitch, 1926
- Lithobius athesinus Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius atticus Verhoeff, 1901
- Lithobius audax Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius bartsiokasi Matic și Stavropoulos, 1990
- Lithobius bebekensis (Verhoeff, 1944)
- Lithobius berkeleyensis Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius beroni Negrea, 1965
- Lithobius biarmatus Matic, 1970
- Lithobius bicolor Tömösvary, 1879
- Lithobius bicuspidatus (Matic, 1957)
- Lithobius bifidus Matic, 1973
- Lithobius binaghii Manfredi, 1937
- Lithobius biporus Silvestri, 1894
- Lithobius boettgeri Verhoeff, 1925
- Lithobius bolognai Zapparoli, 1991
- Lithobius bonensis Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius bosporanus (Verhoeff, 1941)
- Lithobius brachycephalus Fanzago, 1880
- Lithobius brevicornis Daday, 1889
- Lithobius buakheriacus Zapparoli, 1985
- Lithobius bulgaricus (Verhoeff, 1925)
- Lithobius bullatus Eason, 1993
- Lithobius burzenlandicus (Verhoeff, 1931)
- Lithobius buxtoni Brölemann, 1924
- Lithobius calabrensis Fedrizzi, 1878
- Lithobius calamatanus (Verhoeff, 1899)
- Lithobius canariensis Eason, 1992
- Lithobius cantabrigensis Meinert
- Lithobius capreae Verhoeff, 1943
- Lithobius carmenae Matic, 1968
- Lithobius cassinensis Verhoeff, 1925
- Lithobius castaneus Newport, 1844
- Lithobius cavernicola Fanzago, 1877
- Lithobius cerberulus Verhoeff, 1941
- Lithobius cerii Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius chalusensis Matic, 1969
- Lithobius chikerensis Verhoeff, 1936
- Lithobius cinnamomenus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius clarki Eason, 1975
- Lithobius communis Koch, 1844
- Lithobius consimilis Eason, 1992
- Lithobius corcyraeus Verhoeff, 1899
- Lithobius coriaceus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius corrigendus Dobroruka, 1988
- Lithobius crassipes Koch, 1862
- Lithobius creticus Dobroruka, 1977
- Lithobius crissolensis Verhoeff
- Lithobius croaticus Matic & Teodoreanu, 1967
- Lithobius cryptobius Silvestri, 1897
- Lithobius curtipes Koch, 1847
- Lithobius curtirostris Eisen & Stuxberg, 1868
- Lithobius dacicus (Matic, 1959)
- Lithobius dadayi Tömösvary, 1880
- Lithobius dahlii Verhoeff, 1925
- Lithobius dalmaticus Latzel , 1880
- Lithobius degerboelae Eason, 1981 sau 1986
- Lithobius demavendicus Matic, 1969
- Lithobius depressus Fanzago, 1880
- Lithobius diana Verhoeff, 1901
- Lithobius dieuzeidei Brölemann, 1931
- Lithobius discolor Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius doderoi Silvestri, 1908
- Lithobius dolinophilus Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius dollfusi Verhoeff, 1931
- Lithobius domogledicus (Matic, 1961)
- Lithobius doriae Pocock, 1890
- Lithobius drescoi Demange, 1958
- Lithobius dudichi Loksa, 1947
- Lithobius easoni Matic, 1969
- Lithobius elbanus Verhoeff, 1931
- Lithobius elbursensis Matic, 1969
- Lithobius electrinus (Verhoeff, 1937)
- Electron Lithobius Verhoeff, 1928
- Lithobius electus Silvestri, 1935
- Lithobius elegans Selivanov, 1931
- Lithobius enghofi Eason, 1986
- Lithobius ercijasius Verhoeff, 1943
- Lithobius erdschiasius Verhoeff, 1943
- Lithobius errantus Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius erythrocephalus C.L. Koch, 1847
- Lithobius eucuemis Stuxberg
- Lithobius evae Dobroruka, 1958
- Lithobius evasus (Chamberlin, 1952)
- Lithobius excellens Silvestri, 1894
- Lithobius exiguus Meinert, 1886
- Lithobius eximius Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius falteronensis Manfredi, 1936
- Lithobius fangensis Eason, 1986
- Lithobius fanzagoi Fedrizzi, 1877
- Lithobius feae
- Lithobius femorosulcatus Eason, 1986
- Lithobius festivus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius finitimus Fanzago, 1878
- Lithobius flavus Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) typus [2]
- Lithobius fossor Koch, 1862
- Lithobius franzi Attems, 1949
- Lithobius galatheae Meinert, 1886
- Lithobius geyeri Verhoeff, 1935
- Lithobius glabratus Koch, 1847
- Lithobius glacialis Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius gracilipes Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius gracilis Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius grandiporosus Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius granulatus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius gridellii Manfredi, 1955
- Lithobius grosssidens Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius grossipes Koch, 1847
- Lithobius haarlovi Eason, 1986
- Lithobius hardwickei Newport, 1844
- Lithobius hatayensis Verhoeff, 1943
- Lithobius helvolus Attems, 1951
- Lithobius herzegowinensis Verhoeff, 1900
- Lithobius hispanicus Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius hopeanus (Chamberlin, 1952)
- Lithobius hortensis Koch, 1862
- Lithobius hummelii Verhoeff, 1933
- Lithobius ilgazensis Matic, 1983
- Lithobius immutabilis Koch, 1862
- Lithobius imperialis Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius inaequidens Fedrizzi, 1877
- Lithobius incertus Matic, 1966
- Lithobius indicus Eason, 1981
- Lithobius inexpectatus Matic, 1962
- Lithobius infossus Silvestri, 1894
- Lithobius inopinatus Matic, 1970
- Lithobius inquirendus Attems, 1951
- Lithobius insignis Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius ionicus (Silvestri, 1896)
- Lithobius iranicus Attems, 1951
- Lithobius italicus Matic, 1957
- Lithobius javanicus Pocock, 1894
- Lithobius kansuanus Verhoeff, 1933
- Lithobius karamani Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius kastamouensis Matic, 1983
- Lithobius koenigi Verhoeff, 1891
- Lithobius koreanus Verhoeff, 1938
- Lithobius kosswigi Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius kurdistanus Verhoeff, 1944
- Lithobius laccatus Attems, 1951
- Lithobius laevilabrum Leach, 1815
- Lithobius lagrecai Matic, 1962
- Lithobius lanzai Matic, 1961
- Lithobius lapadensis Verhoeff, 1900
- Lithobius latebricola Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius latzellii Meinert
- Lithobius lindbergi Chamberlin, 1956
- Lithobius litoralis Koch, 1867
- Lithobius lobifer (Chamberlin, 1952)
- Lithobius loeiensis Eason, 1986
- Lithobius lorioli Demange, 1962
- Lithobius lubricus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius lundii Meinert, 1886
- Lithobius luteus Loksa, 1947
- Lithobius macrocentrus Attems, 1949
- Lithobius magnus (Trotzina, 1894)
- Lithobius magurensis Dobroruka, 1971
- Lithobius malaccanus Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius malayicus Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius marginatus Fedrizzi, 1877
- Lithobius martensi Eason, 1989
- Lithobius matici Prunescu, 1966
- Lithobius matulici Verhoeff, 1899
- Lithobius maximovici Folkmanova, 1946
- Lithobius mediolus Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius megalaporus (Stuxberg, 1875)
- Lithobius meifengensis Chao, Lee, Chang, 2018
- Lithobius melanocephalus Koch, 1863
- Lithobius memorabilis Attems, 1951
- Lithobius meridionalis Fedrizzi, 1877
- Lithobius micropodus Matic, 1983
- Lithobius microps Meinert, 1868
- Lithobius minellii Matic & Darabantu, 1971
- Lithobius minimus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius minutus Koch, 1847
- Lithobius moananus (Chamberlin, 1926)
- Lithobius moellensis Verhoeff, 1940
- Lithobius molleri Verhoeff, 1893
- Lithobius molophai Restivo de Miranda, 1978
- Lithobius mongolicus Verhoeff, 1933
- Lithobius montellicus Fanzago, 1874
- Lithobius mordax Koch, 1862
- Lithobius multidentatus Newport
- Lithobius muscorum Koch, 1862
- Lithobius nigrocullis Folkmanova, 1928
- Lithobius nocellensis Verhoeff, 1943
- Lithobius nodulipes Latzel , 1880
- Lithobius nudicornis Gervais, 1837
- Lithobius oblongus Ssseliwanoff, 1881
- Lithobius obscurus Newport, 1845
- Lithobius occultus Silvestri, 1894
- Lithobius ocraceus Fedrizzi, 1878
- Lithobius Octops Menge, 1851
- Lithobius oellatus Verhoeff, 1925
- Lithobius oligoporus Latzel , 1885
- Lithobius oraniensis Matic, 1967
- Lithobius orientis (Chamberlin, 1952)
- Lithobius orotavae Latzel , 1895
- Lithobius pachypus Verhoeff, 1925
- Lithobius paghmanensis Eason, 1986
- Lithobius paidamus Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius palmarum Verhoeff, 1934
- Lithobius palnis (Eason, 1973)
- Lithobius palustris Selivanov, 1878
- Lithobius pantokratoris Attems, 1903
- Lithobius paradisiacus Matic & Darabantu, 1971
- Lithobius parisiensis Koch, 1862
- Lithobius parvicornis (Porat, 1893)
- Lithobius parvolus Fedrizzi, 1877
- Lithobius patriarchalis (Berlese, 1894)
- Lithobius paurus Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius pedemontanus Matic & Darabantu, 1971
- Lithobius peggaensis Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius persicus Pocock, 1899
- Lithobius piceiavus Verhoeff, 1901
- Lithobius pilatoi Matic, 1968
- Lithobius pleonops Menge, 1851
- Lithobius plesius (Chamberlin, 1952)
- Lithobius plumbeus Manfredi, 1948
- Lithobius politicus Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius polyodontus Attems, 1951
- Lithobius ponzianus Matic & Darabantu, 1969
- Lithobius portchinski Ssseliwanoff, 1881
- Lithobius postspoliatus Verhoeff, 1942
- Lithobius potanini Selivanov, 1881
- Lithobius pseudoagilis Dobroruka, 1965
- Lithobius pubescens Koch, 1867
- Lithobius pulcher Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius purkynei Dobroruka, 1957
- Lithobius purpureus Chamberlin, 1901
- Lithobius pustulatus Matic, 1964
- Lithobius pygmaeus Latzel , 1880
- Lithobius quadridentatus Menge, 1851
- Lithobius rapax Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius rapitus Chamberlin, 1952
- Lithobius reiseri Verhoeff, 1900
- Lithobius remyi Jawlowski, 1923
- Lithobius rhaeticus Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius rhiknus Attems, 1951
- Lithobius riggioi Matic, 1968
- Lithobius rilaicus Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius ruffoi Matic, 1966
- Lithobius rupivagus Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius saalachiensis Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius salernitanus Manfredi, 1956
- Lithobius salicis Verhoeff, 1925
- Lithobius sardous Silvestri, 1897
- Lithobius sbordonii Matic, 1967
- Lithobius scabrior Chamberlin, 1920
- Lithobius schawalleri Eason, 1989
- Lithobius scotophilus Latzel , 1887
- Lithobius sculpturatus (Pocock, 1901)
- Lithobius scutigeroides Verhoeff, 1892
- Lithobius semperi Haase, 1887
- Lithobius separatus Verhoeff, 1943
- Lithobius serbicus Matic, 1979
- Lithobius sibillinicus Matic, 1966
- Lithobius sibiricus (Gerstfeldt, 1858)
- Lithobius sicheli Matic, 1986
- Lithobius silvivagus Verhoeff, 1925
- Lithobius simrothi Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius sitianus Chamberlin, 1956
- Lithobius sloanei Koch, 1862
- Lithobius socius Chamberlin, 1901
- Lithobius songi Pei et al., 2011 [5]
- Lithobius sordidus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius speluncarum Fanzago, 1877
- Sfinxul Lithobius (Verhoeff, 1941)
- Lithobius stammeri Verhoeff, 1939
- Lithobius subtilis Latzel , 1880
- Lithobius suevicus Meinert, 1863
- Lithobius sulcatus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius sumatranus Silvestri, 1895
- Lithobius svenhedini Verhoeff, 1933
- Lithobius tahirensis Matic, 1983
- Lithobius targionii Fanzago, 1874
- Lithobius tatricus Dobroruka, 1958
- Lithobius tauricus Selivanov, 1878
- Lithobius temnensis Verhoeff, 1943
- Lithobius tenuicornis Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius tenuinguis Eason, 1980
- Lithobius tetraspinus Pei, Lu, Liu, Hou, Ma, 2018
- Lithobius terreus Fedrizzi, 1877
- Lithobius thetidis Karsch, 1880
- Lithobius tibiosetosus Eason, 1986
- Lithobius tibiotenuis Eason, 1989
- Lithobius tidissimus (Chamberlin, 1952)
- Lithobius tiphlus (Latzel, 1886)
- Lithobius transmarinus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius trebinjanus (Verhoeff, 1900)
- Lithobius tricuspis Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius trilineatus Koch, 1862
- Lithobius trinacrius Verhoeff, 1925
- Lithobius turritanus Fanzago, 1881
- Lithobius tweedii Verhoeff, 1937
- Lithobius tylopus Latzel , 1882
- Lithobius typhlus Latzel , 1886
- Lithobius ulterior (Chamberlin, 1952)
- Lithobius uludagensis Matic, 1983
- Lithobius variegatus Leach, 1814
- Lithobius varius Koch, 1863
- Lithobius velox Koch, 1862
- Lithobius venator Koch, 1862
- Lithobius veronensis Matic & Darabantu, 1971
- Lithobius viduus Attems
- Lithobius vinciguerrae Silvestri, 1895
- Lithobius vindelicius Verhoeff, 1935
- Lithobius vinosus (Fanzago, 1874)
- Lithobius violaceus Fedrizzi, 1877
- Lithobius visicae Ribarov, 1987
- Lithobius vorax Meinert, 1872
- Lithobius vosseleri Verhoeff
- Lithobius vulgaris Leach, 1817
- Lithobius walachius Verhoeff, 1901
- Lithobius weberi Pocock, 1894
- Lithobius werneri Attems, 1902
- Lithobius zachii Restivo de Miranda, 1978
- Lithobius zeylanus (Chamberlin, 1952)
Note
- ↑ 1 2 The Class Myriapoda // The Invertebrata (neopr.) . — al 4-lea. - Cambridge University Press , 1961. - S. 420-426.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ralph E. Crabill, Jr. Utilizarea propusă a competențelor plenare de a desemna pentru genul Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758, (Clasa Myriapoda) o specie tip în armonie cu uzul obișnuit // Buletinul de nomenclatură zoologică : jurnal . - 1955. - Vol. 11 . - P. 134-136 .
- ↑ John George Wood . Myriapoda // Istoria naturală ilustrată (neopr.) . - George Routledge and Sons , 1863. - S. 688-698.
- ↑ 1 2 Mikko Haaramo. Lithobiidae: Lithobiinae: genul Lithobius (link indisponibil) . Arhiva de Filogenie a lui Mikko (30 decembrie 2004). Preluat la 18 februarie 2011. Arhivat din original la 12 octombrie 2012.
- ↑ Pei S., Ma H., Shi B., Wu D. și Zhou W. O nouă specie de Lithobius ( Monotarsobius ) Verhoeff, 1905 (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae) din China. ZooKeys 82 (23 februarie 2011): 59-66.
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