Flotilă de submarine Kriegsmarine a 11-a
Flotilă de submarine Kriegsmarine a 11- a a fost o ramură a marinei germane naziste .
Istorie
A unsprezecea flotilă de submarine Kriegsmarine a fost formată în mai 1942 cu o bază în orașul norvegian Bergen . Comandantul ei era căpitanul de fregate Hans Kohausch. Inițial, scopul staționării submarinelor în Norvegia a fost de a proteja împotriva unei posibile debarcări aliate care ar întrerupe livrările de minereu de fier către Germania din Scandinavia. Mai târziu, ambarcațiunile flotilei a 11-a au plecat în campanii din porturile norvegiene pentru a intercepta convoaiele din Marea Britanie și SUA către URSS cu provizii Lend-Lease . Rezultatele obținute au fost mult mai mici decât cele ale submarinelor din Atlantic, dar acest lucru a fost parțial compensat de faptul că toate navele de transport au venit cu marfă militară pentru armata sovietică, ceea ce a crescut valoarea fiecărei nave. Submarinele au efectuat și observații meteorologice, extrem de importante pentru operațiunile aviatice, au verificat starea frontierei de gheață și au amplasat stații meteorologice pe insule din mările nordice. Unele bărci au efectuat excursii pe țărmurile siberiene pentru a ataca navele care urmau traseul maritim din nord.
Flotila a 11-a a inclus un număr de bărci relocate din flotilele desființate staționate în Franța. Un grup de submarine din flotila a 11-a a participat la atacul asupra convoiului PQ-17 , în timp ce U-255 a scufundat patru din cele opt nave înregistrate în acea operațiune pe cheltuiala submarinatorilor. La sfârșitul războiului, flotila a început să primească cele mai recente „bărci electrice” de tipurile XXI și XXIII , astfel, flotila a 11-a a devenit singura din Kriegsmarine care a reușit să intre în bărci de serviciu de tip XXI.
La 3 mai 1945, U-2511 a fost prima dintre ambarcațiunile de tip XXI care a intrat în serviciu de luptă, cu destinația Marea Caraibilor . Pe 4 mai, ordinul Marelui Amiral Dönitz de a înceta ostilitățile a fost transmis tuturor submarinelor . La câteva ore după primirea ordinului, U-2511 a descoperit o grupare de nave de război britanice, s-a apropiat neobservat de crucișătorul greu Norfolk la o distanță de 500 de metri și a făcut un atac simulat, rămânând neobservat. După un atac condiționat, barca sa retras scufundată cu o viteză de 16 noduri și s-a întors la Bergen pe 5 mai .
În mai 1945, după capitularea Germaniei, flotila a fost desființată și majoritatea ambarcațiunilor rămase au fost ulterior scufundate de Marina Britanică în cadrul Operațiunii Deadlight .
Compoziție
De-a lungul anilor, 189 de submarine au trecut prin flotila a 11-a, inclusiv:
Note
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1009.htm
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_1002
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_1003
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_1004
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1005.htm
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_1006
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_1014
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_1017
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_1018
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_1019
- ↑ https://www.uboat.net/boats/u764.htm
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_764
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u764.htm
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_771
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_773
- ↑ http://www.ubootarchiv.de/ubootwiki/index.php/U_774
- ↑ https://www.uboat.net/boats/u293.htm
- ↑ https://www.uboat.net/boats/u405.htm
- ↑ https://www.uboat.net/boats/u426.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u722.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u117.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u456.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u457.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u467.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u470.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u472.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u480.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u482.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u483.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u485.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u486.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u586.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u589.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u591.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u592.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u601.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u606.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u622.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u625.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u629.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u636.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u639.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u644.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u646.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u650.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u657.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u663.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u674.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u680.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u681.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u682.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u683.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u703.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u711.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u713.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u716.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u300.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u302.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u307.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u309.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u312.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u313.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u314.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u315.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u318.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u321.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u322.htm
- ↑ 1 2 https://uboat.net/boats/u324.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u326.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u327.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u328.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u334.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u339.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u344.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u347.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u354.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u355.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u361.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u363.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u376.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u377.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u378.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u394.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u396.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u399.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u400.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u244.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u246.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u248.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u269.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u285.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u296.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u297.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u408.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u419.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u420.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u735.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u775.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u778.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u825.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u826.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u827.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u867.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u901.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u907.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u905.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u927.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u956.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u957.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u965.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u978.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u979.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u987.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u990.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u991.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1163.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1165.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1169.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1171.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1172.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1199.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1200.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1202.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1203.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1206.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1208.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1209.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1275.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1277.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1278.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1279.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1272.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1273.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u1302.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u2502.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u2503.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u2506.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u2511.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u3008.htm
- ↑ https://uboat.net/boats/u88.htm
Link -uri
Literatură
- Episcopul K. Submarinele Kriegsmarine. 1939-1945. Ghid de flotilă = Kriegsmarine U-boats 1939-1945. — M .: Eksmo , 2007. — 192 p. - (Echipament militar al III-lea Reich). - ISBN 978-5-699-22106-6 .